Title: New Methods of High-Performance Reconfigurable Analog to Digital Converter

Student Name: Mrs. Jayamala Adsul

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair and Dr. P.P. Vaidya

Status: Ongoing

Publications

1. J. Adsul, P. P. Vaidya and J. M. Nair, "A new method of reconfigurable ADC using calibrated programmable slopes," 2016 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), 2016, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/CESYS.2016.7889985.

2. J. Adsul, J. M. Nair and P. P. Vaidya, "Design and Simulation of a New Reconfigurable Analog to Digital Converter based on Multisim," 2019 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi:10.1109/ICNTE44896.2019.8946032.

3. Presented and accepted for publication -Jayamala Adsul, P. P. Vaidya, J. M. Nair,” Design of Versatile Reconfigurable ADC for Wide Range of Resolution and Conversion Time”, Second International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Computer Technologies 2020.

4. Accepted for publication -Jayamala Adsul, P. P. Vaidya, J. M. Nair,” Design of Versatile Reconfigurable ADC for Wide Range of Resolution and Conversion Time”, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (LNEE) series by the Springer Publishing House.

5. Presented and accepted for publication-Jayamala Adsul, J. M. Nair and P. P. Vaidya,” A New Method of Reconfigurable ADC with Automatically Optimized Parameters ,” 3rd International conference on Communication, Computing and Electronics Systems ICCCES 2021.

6. Accepted for publication-Jayamala Adsul, J. M. Nair and P. P. Vaidya,” A New Method of Reconfigurable ADC with Automatically Optimized Parameters ,” Springer Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering.

7. Accepted for publication -Jayamala Adsul Harsh Sawardekar,” Reconfigurable Successive Approximation Register ADC and SAR-Assisted Pipeline ADC,” SAMRIDDHI-A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology.

Achievements

1. Received best paper award for J. Adsul, J. M. Nair and P. P. Vaidya, "Design and Simulation of a New Reconfigurable Analog to Digital Converter based on Multisim," 2019 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi:10.1109/ICNTE44896.2019.8946032.

Title: Investigation and Characterization of Partial Discharge Phenomena in High Voltage Equipment

Student Name: Lekshmi Ajesh Kaimal

Guide: Dr.R.K.Kulkarni and Dr. P.P. Vaidya

Status: Ongoing

This work involves the design of a Universal Partial Discharge simulator which comprises PD physics based software simulation and hardware pulse generation circuit. Such a system will be useful for research work in PD generation, characterization and detection without use of high voltage equipment and also for calibration and diagnostics of PD detection systems. The PD model to simulate these discharges has been developed by implementing the formulations based on the Pederson’s induced charge theory using National Instruments ‘LabVIEW software. The stochastic nature of the PD pulses has also been incorporated. The hardware part consists of the pulse generation circuit as well as an interface which reads data from the USB port of the PC at a required speed and transfers data to the pulse generation circuit. A high resolution fast settling DAC based implementation is done for pulse generation circuit to ensure high fidelity output with microsecond level time resolution of pulse. Pulses of minimum 25 nsec rise times have been achieved. The maximum speed that can be achieved by the hardware interface is 100 kHz. The rise time of the pulses is currently manually adjusted. This will be made software controlled using the rise time computations.

Publications

1. Lekshmi Kaimal and Ramesh Kulkarni, “Automatic Estimation of Multiplicity in Partial Discharge Sources using Machine Learning Techniques”, accepted to be Published in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Series By SPRINGER.

2. Lekshmi Kaimal and Ramesh Kulkarni, “Understanding Partial Discharges and its Role in Condition Monitoring of Insulators”, accepted to be Published in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Series By SPRINGER.

3. Lekshmi Kaimal, Ramesh Kulkarni, “Partial Discharge Simulation using Three-Capacitor model in Multisim”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (IJAREEIE), Vol. 10, no. 9, September 2021, pp. 7121-7129

4. Lekshmi Kaimal and Ramesh Kulkarni, “Automatic Estimation of Multiplicity in Partial Discharge Sources using Machine Learning Techniques”, Proceedings of Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Computer Technologies 2021 (ICAECT 2021), 29- 30 October 2021.

5. Lekshmi Kaimal and Ramesh Kulkarni, “Understanding Partial Discharges and its Role in Condition Monitoring of Insulators”, Proceedings of3rd International conference on Communication, Computing and Electronics Systems ICCCES, 28-29 October 2021.

6. L. A. Kaimal, H. J. Bahirat, P. P. Vaidya and S. V. Kulkarni, ”Design of a Universal Partial Discharge Simulator,” 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON), 2019, pp. 1-6.

7. Lekshmi A. Kaimal, Himanshu J. Bahirat, Prakash P. Vaidya and Shrikrishna V. Kulkarni, “A Novel Computer Controlled Random Analog Pulse Generator for Partial Discharge Emulation” (To be submitted in Sadhana - under internal review).

Patent - First Examination Report filed First Examination Report filed with the Indian Patent Office (Application No. 201621029072) on 26th August 2016

• Title of the Invention:

“Method and partial discharge measurement system for examining partial discharge characteristics of object”.

• Applicants:

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Vivekanand Education Society‘s Institute of Technology

• Inventors:

Himanshu Jaywant Bahirat
Shrikrishna Vyankatesh Kulkarni
Prakash Pandurang Vaidya
Lekshmi Ajesh Kaimal

Title: Characterization and Measurement of Non-Optical Parameters with high resolution and accuracy using distributed optical fibre system

Student Name: Mrs. Kadambari Sharma

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair and Dr. P.P. Vaidya

Status: Ongoing

Publications

1. Kadambari Sharma, P.P.Vaidya , J.M.Nair,”A Research Grade Computer Con- trolled Light Source.”, IEEE International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technologies 2018, doi:10.1109/ICSCET.2018.8537239.

2. Kadambari Sharma, J.M.Nair ,P.P.Vaidya, ”Electronic System for Optical Sig- nal Processing and Amplification.”,International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and InstrumentationEngineering(IJAREEIE),Vol.10,no.09,September 20021.doi:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2021.1009015.

3. Kadambari Sharma, J.M.Nair,P.P.Vaidya, ”Design and Construction of Analog Signal Processing System for Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors”,Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Computer Tech- nologies 2021 (ICAECT2021), 29-30 October 2021.

4. Kadambari Sharma, J.M.Nair,P.P.Vaidya , ”A System Design Perspective for measurement of parameters using different scatterings associated with Fibre optic sensors”, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Communication Computing and Electronics Systems(ICCCES2021), 28-29 Oct 2021.

5. Kadambari Sharma, J.M.Nair,P.P.Vaidya, ”Design and Construction of Analog Signal Processing System for Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors”, accepted to be published in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Series by SPRINGER.

6. Kadambari Sharma, J.M.Nair,P.P.Vaidya , ”A System Design Perspective for measurement of parameters using different scatterings associated with Fibre optic sensors”, accepted to be published in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engi- neering Series by SPRINGER.

Achievements

1. Secured Bronze medal in Post PG (PPG) category at the Inter Zonal Level (Univer- sity Level) at the 13th Avishkar Research Convention:2018-2019 (for the Computer Controlled Light Source Project).

Title: PAPR reduction in MIMO-OFDM using modified PTS scheme

Student Name: Dr. Sharmila Sengupta

Guide: Dr. B.K. Lande

Status: Completed

Publications

1. Mrs. Sharmila Sengupta, B. K. Lande,"PAPR reduction in OFDM using Goppa codes" in 2016 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), 10.1109/WIECON-ECE.2016.8009096, 978-1-5090-3745-2.

2. Mrs. Sharmila Sengupta, Dr. B.K. Lande,"Performance analysis of PAPR in G-OFDM with different digital modulation methods" in Journal of Communications Technology, Electronics and Computer Science, Issue 17, 2018, ISSN 2457-905X, 10.22385/jctecs.v17i0.262, 2457-905X.

3. Mrs. Sharmila Sengupta, Dr. B.K. Lande,"ANALYSIS OF CONSTANT AMPLITUDE MODULATION (CAM) OF GOPPA CODED OFDM(G-OFDM) SIGNAL FOR REDUCING THE PAPR OF OFDM SYSTEM" in IJRAR - International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), Volume.6, Issue 2, Page No pp.382-388, May 2019, E-ISSN 2348-1269, P-ISSN 2349-5138.

4. Sharmila Sengupta, B.K. Lande,"An approach to PAPR Reduction in OFDM using Goppa codes" in International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Science, Procedia Computer Science (Elsevier), Volume 167, 2020, Pages 1268-1280 , DOI :https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.443, ISSN : 1877-0509.

5. Sharmila Sengupta, B.K. Lande,"Peak power reduction in multicarrier systems using Goppa codes" in International Journal of Information Technology, Springer, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-019-00383-x, DOI : https://doi. org/10.1007/s41870-019-00383-x, ISSN : 2511-2104.

6. Sharmila Sengupta, B.K. Lande,"Performance analysis of PAPR reduction in G-OFDM with QPSK modulation" in International Conference on Advanced Computation and Telecommunication(ICACAT), 28-29 Dec. 2018 Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 19 December 2019, DOI : https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACAT.2018.8933669, ISBN : 978-1- 5386-5367-8.

7. Sharmila Sengupta, B.K. Lande,"Analysis of PTS-MIMO-OFDM signal for Goppa coded data" in Fourth International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies (ICTCS), Conference Proceedings by CRC Press (Taylor and Francis Group), ICT for Competitive Strategies December 13-14, 2019, DOI : https://ictcs.in/ICTCS2019.pdf, ISBN : 9781003052098

Title: New Hardware Methods for Extraction of Low Level Differential Signals over Wide Bandwidth With High CMRR and S/N Ratio

Student Name: Nilima Warke

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair and Dr. P.P. Vaidya

Status: Submitted

Research work aimed at development of new hardware methods of extraction of low level differential signals associated with large common mode (CM) signals over wide bandwidth with high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and signal to noise (S/N) ratio. To verify the performance of newly designed and developed systems with high accuracy, high quality computer controlled hardware validation system with high resolution is also needed.

The new methods for improvement of dynamic range of IA have been proposed, designed and tested without affecting CMRR and frequency response  to  compensate DC offset voltages with constant voltage and current sources, three-stage IA. These techniques have resulted in improved dynamic range without affecting CMRR and a differential gain over the entire range of frequencies. These methods can be used for blocking DC offset voltages and hence increasing dynamic range in any field. Impedance steering method is also designed which is particularly suitable for PC-based systems and produces a uniform frequency response, even at lower frequencies, which is important for biomedical signal processing. A new Figure of Merit has been proposed for quantitative assessment of improvement in dynamic range as Distortion free Dynamic range Improvement Ratio.

Also, a new method for removal of CM signal of unknown frequency signals using new balancing technique has been designed and tested which improves the effective CMRR to 10 8  to 10 9  of the system without degrading frequency response.

The performance of these developed circuits is required to be tested and verified with high accuracy, a computer controlled high resolution (16 bit) hardware research validation system is designed and constructed over wide bandwidth 0-10MHz. The developed system has a component cost that is as small as nearly 10% of the cost of commercially available validation systems. As a result, this hardware validation system is a cost-effective solution for academic institutions.

Patent - First Examination Report filed

1. First Examination Report filed with the Indian Patent Office (Application No.201621029072) on 26th August 2016

Book Chapter:

1. Nilima Warke, J .M. Nair and P. P. Vaidya, “Common Mode Voltage Removal using New Balancing Technique”, Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 8, Book Publisher International, Print ISBN: 978-93-90206-15-5, eBook ISBN: 978-93-90206-16-2, pp 24-37. DOI: 10.9734/bpi/etert/v8.

Research Papers:

1. Nilima Warke, J .M. Nair. P. P. Vaidya, “New Computer Controlled High Resolution Programmable Validation System for Research in Electronics Hardware”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9, Issue-2,
   December 2019, pp1213 to 1217.
   DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7917.129219.

2. Nilima Warke, J .M. Nair. P. P. Vaidya, “Common Mode Voltage Removal using New Balancing Technique for Extraction of Low Level Differential Signals Embedded in Large Common Mode Voltages”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, ISSN:2249 –8958, Volume-9, Issue-1, October 2019, pp 5533-5538. DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.A2075.109119.

3. Nilima Warke, J .M. Nair. P. P. Vaidya, “A Novel Design of Three-Stage Instrumentation Amplifier for Improvement of dynamic Range and Frequency Response”, International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, ISSN:2349-5162, Vol 6, Issue 5,pp 480- 484, May 2019. DOI: http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.20616.

4. Nilima Warke, J .M. Nair. P. P. Vaidya, “New Method for Quantitative Estimation and Improvement of Distortion free Dynamic range of Instrumentation Amplifier”, International Journal of Research in Electronics and Computer Engineering, ISSN: 2393-9028 (PRINT) |ISSN: 2348-2281 (ONLINE), Vol6, Issue 4, pp1582-1588, Oct-Dec 2018.

5. Nilima Warke, J .M. Nair. P. P. Vaidya, “High performance AC coupled Biomedical signal processing system using new technique of Impedance steering with synchronous sampling and A/D conversion”, at 2nd IEEE International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018),pp 1090-1094, 2018, IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386- 0965-1. DOI: 10.1109/ICECA.2018.8474618.

6. Nilima V Warke, P.P. Vaidya, J.M.Nair, “Exploring a new method for improving dynamic range of Instrumentation Amplifier for processing low voltage signals”, in International conference on Emerging Trends in Communication, Control, Signal Processing and Computing Applications –C2SPCA 2013 indexed by IEEE Xplore 978-1-4799-1082-3, DOI:10.1109/C2SPCA.2013.6749453, pp 1-4, Oct. 13.

7. Nilima V Warke, P. P. Vaidya and J. M. Nair, “ A Novel Design of Instrumentation amplifier with high CMRR for Processing of Signals over wide Dynamic Range”, International conference on Communication and Signal Processing, -ICCSP’13 , Tamilnadu, April 2013.

Achievements:

1. Secured 3^rd rank in Teacher (TH) category for the project titled “New Hardware Methods for Extraction of Low Level Differential Signals over Wide Bandwidth with High CMRR and S/N Ratio” in University (Inter-Zonal/Inter-District) round that was held at FCRIT, Vashi on 2 nd January 2020, under 14^th Inter-Collegiate/Institute/Department Avishkar Research Convention 2019-20.

2. Team of the Nehru Science Center selected this project as the “Best Innovative Idea and Design” in THE category which is being considered for incubation.

3. Received Minor research project grant of Rs. 20000/- from university of Mumbai for the project titled “Design and Construction of a Computer Controlled High resolution Research Grade validation System for Hardware Research” in 2018-19. (University Letter No: APD/237/601 of 2019)

Title: New methods for the Design of Nuclear Pulse Spectroscopy System for Optimum Performance

Student Name: Mrs. Asma Parveen

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair and Dr. P.P. Vaidya

Status: Ongoing

The Nuclear Energy Pulse Spectroscopy system mainly aims at determining energy associated with an individual nuclear event. The time random nature that is associated with the occurrence of the radiation particles as well as the physical imperfections of its detection process leads to the system performance degradation. Performance of nuclear pulse spectroscopy systems is affected by various parameters like Statistical variations, Ballistic deficit, pile up effects and Noise leading to poor energy resolution.

Measurement of energy of nuclear events type have many applications such as for quality and grade control of ores, nuclear physics, medical imaging, material science, nuclear material monitoring etc. However, it is not possible to have a system with all parameters having the best possible values. So, for spectroscopy application, the above-mentioned parameters are to be optimized.

Research Publications

1. Asma Parveen I. Siddavatam, Dr. P. P. Vaidya, Dr. Mrs. J. M. Nair, "Pileup Rejection using Estimation Technique for High Resolution Nuclear Pulse Spectroscopy" in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies 2017(ICICICT 2017) ISSN:978-1-5090-6106-8/ 6th july2017.

2. Asma Parveen I. Siddavatam, P. P. Vaidya and J. M. Nair, "A New Method for improving resolution of Nuclear ADC for high resolution Spectroscopy System," 2019 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICNTE44896.2019.8945973.

3. Asma Parveen I. Siddavatam, Ajit T. Patil, Dr. P. P Vaidya, "A pulse generation system based on new method for testing performance of high-resolution nuclear spectroscopy systems", Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (IJPAP)" May-2020, ISSN: 0975-0959 (Online); 0301-1208 (Print)

4. Asma Parveen I. Siddavatam, J. M. Nair and P. P. Vaidya, “A Novel method to improve the resolution of FLASH ADC for High-Resolution and High-Speed Applications”, accepted and presented in Springer Conference ICAECT 2021 to be published in LNS.

Patent Details

1. Indian Patent filed with registration number 201921043615, Title of Invention “Device and Method for Generating Pulses For Calibration of High-Resolution Spectroscopy Instruments”

Achievements

1. Silver medal at state level competition.

2. Avishkar Research Convention (organized by University of Mumbai) in 2018-19 under teacher category for work on improvement of resolution of Nuclear ADC using Estimation Technique.

3. Finalist at Swadeshi Microprocessor challenge (organized by ministry of electronics and Information Technology, CDAC, IIT Madras) for Calibration System for Nuclear Spectroscopy Applications

4. Awarded a total prize amounting to Rs 5Lakhs.

5. Funding for project expenses and startup.

Title: Application of Kalman Filter techniques to Nuclear Data Science

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair

Status: Ongoing

Nuclear data are physical parameters that describe the internal structure of nuclei, their decay and interactions with incident particles. Among the different types of nuclear data, Nuclear reaction data is the most important data, as it gives information about the properties of the medium, cross-sections, prompt and delayed fission neutron spectra, fission neutron multiplicity distribution etc.

Nuclear data evaluation is an artful combination of experimental data and results calculated from reaction models, theoretical insights, model predictions, integral benchmarks as well as expertise of the evaluator. Both theory and experiment play a significant role in the nuclear data evaluation. Nuclear applications, like basic nuclear physics experiments, nuclear reactor design, nuclear waste management, nuclear medicine etc., depend on advanced computer simulations that make significant use of evaluated nuclear data.

Nuclear reaction data, like cross section data, are derived from indirect measurements. The errors arising from the uncertainties in basic nuclear data can cause errors in the design parameters of the advanced nuclear systems. Therefore, propagation of errors becomes important to study how the uncertainties in the data affects the uncertainty in the final integral quantities of interest.

In this research proposal, the Kalman filter technique is used as a significant tool that can be used in performing evaluation of nuclear cross section data of radio nuclides, starting from collection of the data to its final evaluation and to develop evaluation curves from EXFOR data and model based data. Its algorithm works in a two-step process namely predict and update. The algorithm is recursive and can run in real time using only the present input measurements and the previously calculated state and its uncertainty matrix. This technique is faster and simpler than other conventional techniques and at the same time is capable of giving results comparable with that of standard international evaluated nuclear data libraries.

Research Papers:

1. Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Jayalekshmi Nair, Suryanarayana V S, S Ganesan, “Application of Kalman filtering technique for evaluation of neutron cross section data of 100Mo (n, 2n) 99Mo reaction”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods of Physics Research Section A (NIM-A), Volume 1020, Article no. 165850, December 2021.

2. Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Jayalekshmi Nair, Suryanarayana V S, Laxman S Danu, S Ganesan, “Error Propagation using Extended Unscented Transformation Technique in Micro-correlation method for covariance analysis of efficiency of a HPGe detector”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods of Physics Research Section A (NIM-A), Vol. 953, Article no. 163057, February 2020.

3. Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Jayalekshmi Nair, Suryanarayana V S et al., “Measurement and covariance analysis of 100Mo (n, 2n) 99Mo and 96 Mo (n, p) 96Nb reaction cross sections at the incident neutron energy of 14.54 MeV”, J JOU (JRNC), Springer International publishing, Vol. 325, pp. 831-840, 2020.

4. Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Jayalekshmi Nair, Suryanarayana V S et al., “Measurement of 100Mo (n, 2n) 99Mo reaction cross section and covariance analysis using extended unscented transformation technique at the incident neutron energy of 13.9 MeV “, Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (IJPAP), Vol. 58, Issue 5, pp. 351-357, 2020.

5. Imran Pasha, Rudraswamy Basavanna, Saraswatula Venkata Suryanarayana, Haladhara Naik, Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Laxman Singh Danu, Tarun Patel, Saroj Bishnoi, Manjunatha Prasad Karantha, “Measurement of neutron induced reaction cross sections of palladium isotopes at the neutron energy of 14.54 ± 0.24 MeV with covariance analysis”, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (JRNC), Springer International publishing, Vol. 325, pp. 175-182, 2020.

6. Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Jayalekshmi Nair, S Ganesan, “Application of Extension of Unscented transformation technique to the nonlinear case of error propagation “, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020) IEEE Xplore, January 2020.

7. Sangeetha Prasanna Ram, Dr. J. M. Nair, S. Ganesan, "A Stochastic Convergence Analysis of Random Number Generators as applied to Error Propagation using Monte Carlo method and Unscented Transformation Technique", IEEE International Conference - SPICES 2017, ISBN No. 978-1-5386-3864-4.

Title: Time Interval Measurement With High Resolution Over Wide Dynamic Range For Nuclear Timing Spectroscopy Application

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair and Dr. P.P. Vaidya

Status: Ongoing

Time Interval measurement is required in various applications from different domains e.g. Laser ranging applications, the laser pulse is used to detect the distance of the object. Precise measurement is required of time interval when the laser beam is sent and the arrival of the reflected beam from the object. Time of flight measurement experiments are applied in timing spectroscopy, lifetime measurements in atomic and high energy physics, PET etc.

Time interval measurement methods are broadly classified into three categories – coarse counting (for long MR), fine measurement methods (for high resolution), and mixed methods (for long MR and high resolution).

Coarse counting method makes use of a digital clock and can be used for very large MR. But then high resolution (ns) is limited because a very high frequency reference clock (GHz) will be required and hence very fast counters.

Fine measurement methods are further classified as analog and digital methods. Time stretchers and T/A + A/D are the widely used TI measurement methods. Time stretcher method faces limitations because of large conversion time. A/D conversion methods are precise, offer high resolution (ps), but the range is limited depending upon the number of bits of ADC. Also, DNL and INL contribute to the non-linearities in the conversion process. Digital methods like vernier method and delay cell method can be used. Implementation of vernier methods becomes complex and oscillators and coincidence circuit required for high resolution (ps) becomes challenging. Delay cells based method the size of the delay line becomes large for the high MR.

In mixed methods, to obtain large MR and high resolution, coarse counting method is combined with fine measurement method. Long TI are counted using coarse counter and short intervals close to START and STOP are precisely measured using short range TDC. However in these methods, the jitter in TI measurement is contributed by the jitter in reference clock, non-linearity of TDC.

TI measurement application is discussed in timing spectroscopy experiments. The traditional blocks in timing spectroscopy are discussed with the reason of error caused by each block. The research work needs to be done to remove the limitations of the existing timing spectroscopy.

The research work is carried out to design a new method for high resolution nuclear timing spectroscopy system using tracking ADCs and free running ramp to give the timing resolution of few ps over a wide dynamic range of time interval extending up to few µs. The method makes use of tracking ADCs with 16 bit resolution with low conversion time of nearly 1 µs along with a free running ramp which is given as input to the two ADCs. Both the ADCs and ramp are designed to track their characteristics in order to neutralise the errors due to drift in their characteristics and hence a complex system of spectrum stabilization is not required. ADC1 digitizes ramp input at the arrival of START pulse and ADC2 digitizes ramp input at the arrival of STOP pulse. The difference between digital code of these ADCs is a measure of time interval between START and STOP pulses. New system doesn’t require delay and hence biased amplifier. System has dead time of 1 µs and spectrum stabilization is easy.

Research Papers:

1. Paper titled "A New Method of Time Interval Measurement With High Resolution Over Wide Dynamic Range for Nuclear Timing Spectroscopy Applications," by K. Chavan, P. Vaidya and J. Nair presented in IEEE Sponsored 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT) at Pune, March 2019, paper published in IEEE Xplore

2. Paper titled “Programmable Time to Digital Converter for nuclear timing spectroscopy system”, by K. Chavan, P. Vaidya and J. Nair published in International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Volume 08, Issue 11, Nov 2019.

3. Paper titled “High Resolution nuclear timing spectroscopy system based on new method of free running ramp and tracking ADCs” by K. Chavan, P. Vaidya and J. Nair – poster presentation in International Conference on New Frontiers in Nuclear Physics (ICNFNP Oct 2019), BHU, Varanasi, research paper published in Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (IJPAP)special edition for ICNFNP Conference, Vol. 58 (05), May 2020.

4. Paper titled "Time Interval Measurement using Analog & Digital Methods – A Comparative Study" by K. Chavan, P. Vaidya and J. Nair published in International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Volume 10, Issue 4, April-2021.

Mumbai university Funded Minor Research Project for Ph.D. research work in 2018-19 (Time to Digital Converter for nuclear timing spectroscopy applications)

Patent – 01 ( patent documents published in Intellectual Property India in Feb 2020, awaiting examination, “Integrated high resolution timing spectroscopy system with wide dynamic range based on new method of tracking ramp and ADCs”, application number – 201921035606)

Title: Multiresolution Image Analysis for Microstructure Characterization Application

Student Name: Kavita Tewari

Guide: Dr. R. K. Kulkarni

Status: Ongoing

Research Papers:

1. Kavita Tewari and R.K. Kulkarni, “Two-dimensional digital image correlation for metal deformation measurement”; IEEE-5th International Conference on Computing, Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA-19) September 19-21,2019, ICCUBEA, ISBN: 978-1-7281 -4042-1.

2. Kavita Tewari and R. K. Kulkarni, "Computation of Strain in Deformed Pearlitic Steel Using Digital Image Correlation Technique," 6th Edition, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3),2019, December20-21,2019, pp.1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICAC347590.2019.9036743. ISBN: 978-1-7281 -2386-8.

3. Kavita Tewari and R.K. Kulkarni, "Application of Digital Image Correlation Technique to Study Strain Localization in Fe-Ni-W Alloy", Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Computer Technologies 2021 Springer,ICAECT, Oct.-29-30, 2021.

4. Kavita Tewari and R.K. Kulkarni, ''Locating Cracks in 1050 Aluminium Alloy by Digital Image Correlation", Samriddhi –A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technologies (Vol. 13, July-Dec 2021) 2, ISSN: 2229-7111 (Print) and ISSN: 2454-5767 (Online) (Accepted for publication).

5. Kavita Tewari and R.K. Kulkarni, "Application of Digital Image Correlation Technique to Study Strain Localization in Fe-Ni-W Alloy", Accepted for publication in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Series by Springer, Indexed in Scopus.

Title: Dielectric Antenna – Geometry and Performance Analysis

Student Name: Mrs. Naveeta Kant

Guide: Dr. Ramesh K. Kulkarni

Status: Ongoing

Research Papers:

1. N. Kant and R.K. Kulkarni, "Design and Performance Analysis of C-Band Water Antenna", International Journal on Emerging Technologies, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 90- 101, Nov. 2019.

2. 1. N. Kant, A. Kaustubh, and R.K. Kulkarni, " Performance Analysis of C-Band Water Antenna", 2019 Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT), Bangalore, India, Oct. 2019 doi: 10.1109/GCAT47503.2019.8978339.

3. N. Kant, A. Kaustubh, R.K. Kulkarni, "Effect of Variation of Water Column Height in a Water DRA", International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (IJEDR), ISSN:2321-9939, Volume.9, Issue 2, pp.133-142, May 2021

4. N. Kant, A. Kaustubh, and R.K. Kulkarni, " Effect of Variation of Radius of Ground Plane on the Performance of a Water DRA”, 2021 2nd Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT), Bangalore, India, Oct. 1-3, 2021

Title: Evaluation of Neutron Reaction Cross-section Data

Student Name: Tejashree Phathak

Guide: Dr. (Smt.) Jayalekshmi M. Nair

Status: Ongoing

Evaluation of nuclear data is very important in nuclear science and technology as nuclear data are essential ingredients in a wide range of applications including the design and operation of nuclear power plants, management of nuclear waste, production and uses of radioisotopes, medical diagnosis, the development and applications of lasers and accelerators, fusion energy research, environmental monitoring, plasma processing, materials inspections and nuclear safeguards. The efficiency and safety of such facilities are reliant on the superiority of these nuclear data sets, to meet the desires of nuclear science and technology for accurate nuclear data, evaluation of nuclear data is mandatory.

An evaluation is a process of analyzing experimentally measured physical parameters (such as cross sections), combining them with the predictions of nuclear model calculations, and attempting to extract the true values of such parameters.

Nuclear data evaluation is the reliable determination of nuclear data and related observables of the atomic nuclei. Nuclear data evaluation aims to produce the best and consistent estimates and associated uncertainties of observables. For evaluation, we will be considering machine learning, regression model, and stochastic model using data from Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR) and TALYS and EMPIRE.

Title: Image processing for accurate and early-stage diagnosis / malignancy prediction at the primary investigation stage

Student Name: Dr. Shilpa Joshi

Guide: Dr. R. K. Kulkarni

Status: Completed

Image Processing, developed during the last three decades, has become a very important subject in all fields of engineering. The advent of computer aided technologies, Digital Image Processing techniques have become increasingly important in a wide variety of medical applications. Intervention between the protection of useful diagnostic information and noise suppression must be treasured in medical images. There are various existing methods to denoise medical images. An important property of a good image denoising model is that it should remove noise up to the maximum possible extent and preserve the edges. This research work mainly has emphasis on image denoising and resolution enhancement. The objective in all disciplines is to extract information about the scene being imaged with various image modalities. Medical imaging has gained importance as one of the most promising sub-fields in the scientific imaging industry due to rapid progression of computerized image reconstruction, analysis and computer aided diagnosis. The prevailing medical imaging techniques used by radiologists are X-Ray, Ultrasound sonography (USG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ,Computed Tomography (CT), Poisson Emission Tomography (PET) are the medical techniques mainly used by the radiologist for non-invasive visualization of internal structure of the human body. These provide ample information about the human soft tissue, which helps in the diagnosis of human diseases. Image filtering and Image Enhancement is one of the prime areas of research in medical image processing which aims at recovering noise corrupted anatomical image during the processes of acquisition, transmission, reception, storage and retrieval.

Usually median or a modified version of median is employed to suppress any random noise. It is observed from the literature that detection followed by filtering achieves better performance than the filters without detection. In filtering process the noisy pixels are replaced with estimated values. This research is aimed at development of novel, efficient filters for suppression of speckle noise along with any random noise and enhance the resolution up to maximum possible extent without altering the image details under medium to high noise density conditions. Speckle noise model suggested by Goldman is used in this research as base models. Some proposed schemes deal with random noise as well as with speckle noise in two stages. A few schemes are also proposed for enhancement in resolution. The developed algorithms are tested on low, medium and high noise densities and they are compared with some existing filters in terms of objective and subjective evaluation. There are a number of filters and resolution enhancement schemes are available at low and medium noise densities, but they fail to perform at higher noise densities. Therefore, there is significant scope to explore and develop efficient filters for suppressing the speckle noise and enhancing the multiple resolutions at various noise densities. Efficient are therefore made here to develop a complete hybrid system for suppression of speckle noise for medium and high noise densities along with enhancement in multiple resolution. The execution time is taken into account while developing the whole scheme for online and real-time applications

Publications:

[1] Shilpa Joshi, Dr. R. K. Kulkarni, ‘Medical Image Enhancement Using Hybrid Techniques for Accurate Anomaly Detection And Malignancy Predication’ Presented Paper in Ihird International Congress On Information And Communication Technology, 2018 - LONDON.

[2] Shilpa Joshi, Dr.R.K.Kulkarni, ‘Diffusion BASED Multiresolution Filtering Algorithms For Accurate Abnormality Detection In Medical Images’ , 2018 Advances in Science ,Technology and Engineering Systems ) Journal, Special Issue on Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) , (ISSN: 2415-6698.

[3] Shilpa Joshi ,Dr.R.K.Kulkarni, ”Medical Image Enhancement Using Hybrid Techniques for Accurate Anomaly Detection And Malignancy Predication,” The Proceedings of 2018 9th Third International Congress On Information And Communication Technology, 978 − 981 − 13 − 1164 − 2, 464572 1 En (87) And Springer (AISC) 10.1007/978 − 981 − 13 − 1165 − 987

[4] Shilpa Joshi , Dr.R.K.Kulkarni , ”Combining Diffusion Filtering with Super resolution for Abnormity Detection in Medical Images ,” Published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) By SPRINGER. , Indexed in SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springer-Link Http: // www. springer. com/ series/ 891,2018

[5] Shilpa Joshi, Dr.R.K.Kulkarni ‘Combining Diffusion Filtering with Super resolution for Abnormality Detection in Medical Images’ International Conference on Computational Vision and Bio Inspired Computing(ICCVBIC 2017)( on 21-22 September,2017,ISSN: 2212-9391

[6] Shilpa Joshi , Dr.R.K.Kulkarni , ”Despeckling of Medical Images using super Resolution ,” IEEE Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3) ICAC317 on 9th March, 2018 ,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl

[7] Shilpa Joshi,Dr.R.K.Kulkarni, ‘Speckle Denoising Algorithms-A Review’, 2018 The Pro-ceding’s of IEEE sponsored 3rd International conference on electronics and communication systems (ICECS 2016),pp.1707-1712.

[8] Shilpa Joshi, Dr.R.K.Kulkarni, Manuscript ‘Performance Analysis of Different Spatial Filters used in Speckle Denoising’, 2018 International Journal of Computer Applications volume160/February-2017,ISBN : 973-93-80895-59-0,pp.38-42.